/* Editorial columns share the site's palette, with a readable no-JS baseline. */
.rv-columns {
    --col-ink: var(--rv-ink, #182036);
    --col-muted: var(--rv-muted, #59657b);
    --col-line: var(--rv-line, #dce2ef);
    --col-paper: var(--rv-surface, #fff);
    --col-soft: var(--rv-soft, #eef1fb);
    --col-accent: var(--rv-primary, #514bd5);
    color: var(--col-ink);
    font-family: Inter, system-ui, sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    inline-size: min(100% - 48px, 1180px);
    margin-inline: auto;
}
.rv-col-zh { display: none; }
html[data-article-locale="cn"] .rv-col-en, html:not([data-article-locale])[lang^="zh"] .rv-col-en { display: none; }
html[data-article-locale="cn"] .rv-col-zh, html:not([data-article-locale])[lang^="zh"] .rv-col-zh { display: inline; }
.rv-col-visually-hidden { position: absolute; inline-size: 1px; block-size: 1px; clip-path: inset(50%); overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; }
.rv-columns *, .rv-columns *::before, .rv-columns *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
.rv-columns :is(h1,h2,h3,p,ul,ol) { margin: 0; }
.rv-columns a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.rv-columns a:hover { color: var(--col-accent); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.rv-columns :is(a,button,summary):focus-visible, .rv-col-skip:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--col-accent, #514bd5); outline-offset: 5px; border-radius: 3px; }
.rv-columns :is(h1,h2,h3) { color: var(--col-ink); font-weight: 650; line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -.035em; text-wrap: balance; }
.rv-columns .rv-col-eyebrow { color: var(--col-muted); font-size: 11px; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: .12em; line-height: 1.7; }
.rv-col-home { padding-block: 48px 52px; }
/* Homepage: one lead story, with two quieter paths into the publication. */
.rv-col-home { container: columns-home / inline-size; }
.rv-col-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; min-inline-size: 0; }
.rv-col-logo { display: block; inline-size: 3.5rem; block-size: 3.5rem; flex: none; }
.rv-col-brand > div { min-inline-size: 0; }
.rv-col-masthead { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; align-items: end; gap: .75rem 1.5rem; margin-block-end: 1.25rem; }
.rv-col-masthead h2 { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 1.25rem + 1cqi, 1.875rem); line-height: 1.25; }
.rv-col-masthead p { margin-block-start: .375rem; color: var(--col-muted); font-size: .9375rem; }
.rv-col-home .rv-col-all { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.25rem; min-block-size: 2.75rem; font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 650; }
.rv-col-all > span[aria-hidden] { font-size: 1.25rem; }
.rv-col-home-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1rem; border: 0; background: transparent; }
.rv-col-lead { container: column-lead / inline-size; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr)); align-content: start; gap: 1rem; min-inline-size: 0; padding: 1.25rem; border: 1px solid var(--col-line); border-radius: .5rem; background: var(--col-paper); }
.rv-col-lead > * { grid-column: 1 / -1; min-inline-size: 0; }
.rv-col-lead > .rv-col-lead-art { display: block; inline-size: 100%; block-size: auto; aspect-ratio: 2 / 1; object-fit: cover; border-radius: .375rem; }
.rv-col-lead-labels { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: .5rem 1rem; margin-block-end: .75rem; }
.rv-col-home .rv-col-kicker { color: var(--col-muted); font-size: .6875rem; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.rv-col-lead .rv-col-kicker { color: var(--col-accent); }
.rv-col-lens { padding-inline-start: 1rem; border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--col-line); color: var(--col-muted); font-size: .75rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.rv-col-lead h3 { max-inline-size: 30ch; font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 1.125rem + 1.6cqi, 2.125rem); line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -.035em; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.rv-col-lead h3 a:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
.rv-col-lead .rv-col-lead-deck { max-inline-size: 58ch; color: var(--col-muted); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; }
.rv-col-lead > footer { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem 1.5rem; inline-size: 100%; margin-block-start: auto; padding-block-start: .25rem; }
.rv-col-signature { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .75rem; min-inline-size: 0; }
.rv-col-signature img { display: block; inline-size: 2.5rem; block-size: 2.5rem; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; }
.rv-col-signature > div { min-inline-size: 0; }
.rv-col-author-names { font-size: .8125rem; font-weight: 650; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.rv-col-dateline { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .375rem; color: var(--col-muted); font-size: .75rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.rv-col-home .rv-col-read { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; min-block-size: 2.75rem; padding: .625rem 1rem; border: 1px solid var(--col-ink); border-radius: .375rem; background: var(--col-ink); color: var(--col-paper); font-size: .8125rem; font-weight: 650; line-height: 1.5; }
.rv-col-home .rv-col-read:hover { background: var(--col-paper); color: var(--col-ink); text-decoration: none; }
.rv-col-read > span[aria-hidden] { font-size: 1.125rem; }
.rv-col-launch .rv-col-kicker { margin-block-end: 1.25rem; }
.rv-col-paths { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); align-content: start; gap: 1rem; min-inline-size: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; background: transparent; }
.rv-col-paths > .rv-col-kicker { position: absolute; inline-size: 1px; block-size: 1px; clip-path: inset(50%); overflow: hidden; }
.rv-col-home .rv-col-path { display: block; padding: 1.125rem; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: .5rem; background: var(--col-soft); }
.rv-col-home .rv-col-path:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.rv-col-path:not(:last-child) { margin: 0; }
.rv-col-path header { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: .625rem; margin-block-end: .625rem; }
.rv-col-path-mark { color: var(--col-accent); }
.rv-col-path-mark svg { display: block; }
.rv-col-path-industry .rv-col-path-mark { color: var(--col-ink); }
.rv-col-path-number { color: var(--col-muted); font: .625rem/1.6 ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace; letter-spacing: .05em; }
.rv-col-path-arrow { margin-inline-start: auto; color: var(--col-muted); font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1; }
.rv-col-path h3 { font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.35; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.rv-col-path:hover h3 { color: var(--col-accent); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .2em; }
.rv-col-path p { margin-block-start: .375rem; color: var(--col-muted); font-size: .8125rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.rv-col-home-more { display: grid; gap: 1rem; margin-block-start: 1.5rem; }
.rv-col-home-stories { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1.25rem; }
.rv-col-home-stories article { min-inline-size: 0; border-block-start: 1px solid var(--col-line); padding-block-start: 1rem; }
.rv-col-home-stories h3 { font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.45; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.rv-col-home-stories p { margin-block-start: .5rem; color: var(--col-muted); font-size: .75rem; }
/* The lead adapts to its own width, including when the topic rail stacks below it. */
@container column-lead (min-width: 34rem) {
    .rv-col-lead:has(> .rv-col-lead-art) > .rv-col-lead-art { grid-column: 8 / -1; grid-row: 1 / span 3; align-self: stretch; block-size: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1; }
    .rv-col-lead:has(> .rv-col-lead-art) > :is(header, .rv-col-lead-deck, footer) { grid-column: 1 / 8; padding-inline-end: .25rem; }
    .rv-col-lead:has(> .rv-col-lead-art) > header { grid-row: 1; }
    .rv-col-lead:has(> .rv-col-lead-art) > .rv-col-lead-deck { grid-row: 2; }
    .rv-col-lead > footer { grid-row: 3; }
}
@container columns-home (min-width: 36rem) {
    .rv-col-paths { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); column-gap: 1rem; }
    .rv-col-path:not(:last-child) { margin: 0; }
    .rv-col-home-stories { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
body.rv-publication .rv-col-home + .gh-industry-bar { margin-block-start: var(--rv-section-gap, 2rem); }
@container columns-home (min-width: 56rem) {
    .rv-col-home-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2.6fr) minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .rv-col-paths { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); align-content: stretch; }
    .rv-col-path:not(:last-child) { margin: 0; }
}
.rv-col-heading { display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; margin-block-end: 28px; }
.rv-col-heading h2 { font-size: clamp(27px, 3.3vw, 39px); margin-block: 8px 12px; }
.rv-col-heading p:not(.rv-col-eyebrow) { color: var(--col-muted); }
.rv-col-text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; padding-block: 10px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 650; flex-shrink: 0; }
.rv-col-categories { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 22px; }
.rv-col-category { min-inline-size: 0; padding: 28px 30px 25px; border: 1px solid var(--col-line); border-block-start: 3px solid var(--col-accent); border-radius: 4px; background: var(--col-paper); }
.rv-col-category-industry { border-block-start-color: var(--col-muted); }
.rv-col-category-top { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; margin-block-end: 24px; }
.rv-col-index { color: var(--col-muted); font: 11px/1.5 ui-monospace, monospace; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.rv-col-symbol { color: var(--col-accent); font: 24px/1 ui-monospace, monospace; }
.rv-col-category-industry .rv-col-symbol { color: var(--col-muted); }
.rv-col-category h3 { font-size: 27px; margin-block-end: 14px; }
.rv-col-category h3 a { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; min-block-size: 44px; }
.rv-col-category h3 a > span[aria-hidden] { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; }
.rv-col-category p { color: var(--col-muted); max-inline-size: 45ch; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.85; }
.rv-columns .rv-col-topics { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; padding: 0; margin-block-start: 26px; list-style: none; }
.rv-col-topics li { padding: 4px 10px; border: 1px solid var(--col-line); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--col-muted); }
.rv-col-preview-strip { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 12px 24px; padding-block: 20px; margin-block-start: 6px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--col-muted); border-block-end: 1px solid var(--col-line); }
.rv-col-preview-strip p { display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center; }
.rv-col-preview-strip a { padding-block: 8px; font-weight: 600; }
.rv-col-status-dot { display: inline-block; inline-size: 6px; block-size: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--col-accent); }
.rv-col-hub { padding-block: 56px 72px; }
.rv-col-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(40px, 6vw, 68px); margin-block: 14px 22px; }
.rv-col-intro { max-inline-size: 65ch; font-size: clamp(16px, 2vw, 19px); color: var(--col-muted); line-height: 1.9; }
.rv-col-tabs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 28px; margin-block: 32px; border-block-end: 1px solid var(--col-line); }
.rv-col-tabs a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-block-size: 48px; padding-block: 12px; border-block-end: 3px solid transparent; font-size: 14px; }
.rv-col-tabs a[aria-current="page"] { border-color: var(--col-accent); font-weight: 700; color: var(--col-accent); }
.rv-col-listing { padding-block-start: 48px; scroll-margin-block-start: 110px; }
.rv-col-section-heading { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; padding-block-end: 20px; border-block-end: 1px solid var(--col-line); }
.rv-col-section-heading h2 { font-size: 24px; }
.rv-col-empty { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 88px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 30px; background: var(--col-soft); padding: 40px; margin-block-start: 24px; border: 1px solid var(--col-line); border-radius: 4px; }
.rv-col-empty-mark { font: 120px/.9 Georgia, serif; color: var(--col-accent); }
.rv-col-empty h3 { font-size: 28px; margin-block: 10px 14px; }
.rv-col-empty p:not(.rv-col-eyebrow) { color: var(--col-muted); max-inline-size: 65ch; }
.rv-columns .rv-col-button { display: inline-flex; gap: 24px; align-items: center; min-block-size: 44px; padding: 10px 18px; margin-block-start: 24px; background: var(--col-ink); color: var(--col-paper); border: 1px solid var(--col-ink); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; }
.rv-col-editorial-note { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.4fr; gap: 32px; margin-block-start: 48px; padding-block-start: 28px; border-block-start: 1px solid var(--col-line); }
.rv-col-editorial-note h2 { font-size: 22px; }
.rv-col-editorial-note p { color: var(--col-muted); font-size: 14px; }
.rv-col-posts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 28px; margin-block-start: 28px; }
.rv-col-post { min-inline-size: 0; padding-block: 8px 24px; border-block-end: 1px solid var(--col-line); }
.rv-col-post h3 { font-size: 24px; margin-block: 18px 14px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.rv-col-post p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--col-muted); }
.rv-col-byline { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; font-size: 12px; margin-block-start: 20px; }
.rv-col-byline > span { color: var(--col-muted); }
.rv-col-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 16px; align-items: center; color: var(--col-muted); font-size: 12px; }
.rv-col-skip { position: fixed; inset-block-start: 8px; inset-inline-start: 8px; z-index: 10000; padding: 12px 20px; background: #fff; color: #182036; transform: translateY(-200%); }
.rv-col-skip:focus { transform: none; }
.rv-col-reader { padding-block: 28px 64px; }
.rv-col-breadcrumb { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 12px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--col-muted); }
.rv-col-breadcrumb a { padding-block: 8px; }
.rv-col-preview-note { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; gap: 8px 24px; border: 1px solid var(--col-line); border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--col-accent); background: var(--col-soft); padding: 18px 22px; margin-block: 22px 32px; font-size: 13px; }
.rv-col-preview-note strong { font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.rv-col-preview-note p { color: var(--col-muted); }
.rv-col-preview-note a { grid-column: 2; justify-self: start; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; padding-block: 6px; }
.rv-col-article-header { max-inline-size: 940px; padding-block: 32px; border-block-end: 1px solid var(--col-line); margin-block-end: 40px; }
.rv-col-article-header h1.gh-article-title { font-size: clamp(30px, 4.2vw, 54px); max-inline-size: 28ch; text-align: start; line-height: 1.18; margin: 14px 0 24px; padding: 0; }
.rv-col-article-header .rv-col-deck { font-size: 19px; color: var(--col-muted); max-inline-size: 65ch; line-height: 1.8; margin-block-end: 28px; text-align: start; }
.rv-col-author-line { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 18px 32px; }
.rv-col-author-identities { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; }
.rv-col-author { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 650; min-block-size: 44px; }
.rv-col-author img { inline-size: 44px; block-size: 44px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 50%; }
.rv-col-reading-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 760px); justify-content: center; gap: 48px; align-items: start; }
.rv-col-reading-grid:has(.rv-col-rail:not([hidden])) { grid-template-columns: 224px minmax(0,760px); justify-content: start; }
.rv-col-rail { position: sticky; inset-block-start: 100px; min-inline-size: 0; }
.rv-col-rail[hidden] { display: none; }
.rv-col-toc h2 { font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: .02em; margin-block-end: 16px; }
.rv-col-toc nav { scroll-target-group: auto; max-block-size: 60vh; overflow-y: auto; padding: 5px; margin-inline-start: -5px; }
.rv-col-toc ol { padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.rv-col-toc a { display: block; padding: 8px 10px; border-inline-start: 2px solid var(--col-line); color: var(--col-muted); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.rv-col-toc .rv-col-toc-sub a { padding-inline-start: 22px; }
.rv-col-toc a:is(:target-current, .target-current) { border-inline-start-color: var(--col-accent); color: var(--col-ink); font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.rv-col-toc a.rv-col-back-top { border: 0; padding-inline-start: 0; margin-block-start: 20px; font-size: 11px; }
.rv-col-reader .rv-col-body { display: block; min-inline-size: 0; inline-size: 100%; max-inline-size: 760px; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.9; color: var(--col-ink); overflow-wrap: anywhere; scroll-margin-block-start: 110px; }
.rv-col-body > * + * { margin-block-start: 1.45em; }
.rv-col-body :is(p,ul,ol,figure,blockquote,pre,table) { margin-block: 0 1.45em; }
.rv-col-body :is(h2,h3,h4) { scroll-margin-block-start: 110px; margin-block: 2em .8em; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.rv-col-body h2 { font-size: 29px; }
.rv-col-body h3 { font-size: 23px; }
.rv-col-body :is(ul,ol) { padding-inline-start: 1.5em; }
.rv-col-body li { margin-block: .4em; }
.rv-col-body a { color: var(--col-accent); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.rv-col-body blockquote { padding: 16px 24px; border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--col-accent); background: var(--col-soft); color: var(--col-muted); font-size: .95em; }
.rv-col-body :is(img,video,iframe) { max-inline-size: 100%; }
.rv-col-body img { block-size: auto; margin-inline: auto; }
.rv-col-body :is(.kg-width-wide,.kg-width-full) { inline-size: 100%; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-inline: 0; }
.rv-col-body figcaption { font-size: 12px; color: var(--col-muted); text-align: center; padding-block: 10px; }
.rv-col-body pre { max-inline-size: 100%; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px; background: var(--col-soft); font-size: 14px; }
.rv-col-table-scroll { overflow-x: auto; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-block: 24px; }
.rv-col-table-scroll:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--col-accent); outline-offset: 3px; }
.rv-col-body table { border-collapse: collapse; inline-size: 100%; font-size: 14px; }
.rv-col-body :is(td,th) { padding: 12px; text-align: start; border: 1px solid var(--col-line); }
.rv-col-article-footer { max-inline-size: 760px; margin-block-start: 48px; margin-inline: auto; border-block-start: 1px solid var(--col-line); padding-block-start: 28px; }
.rv-col-author-bio { margin-block-end: 28px; }
.rv-col-author-bio h2 { font-size: 20px; margin-block-end: 12px; }
.rv-col-author-bio p { color: var(--col-muted); font-size: 15px; margin-block-end: 12px; }
.rv-col-author-bio a { font-size: 13px; text-decoration: underline; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .rv-col-reading-grid:has(.rv-col-rail:not([hidden])) { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,760px); justify-content: center; gap: 28px; }
    .rv-col-rail { position: static; padding: 22px; border: 1px solid var(--col-line); }
    .rv-col-toc nav { max-block-size: 220px; }
    .rv-col-toc a { font-size: 13px; }
    .rv-col-toc a.rv-col-back-top { display: none; }
    .rv-col-posts { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
    .rv-columns { inline-size: calc(100% - 32px); }
    .rv-col-home { padding-block: 32px; }
    .rv-col-heading { align-items: start; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
    .rv-col-categories, .rv-col-posts, .rv-col-editorial-note { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr); }
    .rv-col-category { padding: 24px; }
    .rv-col-category-top { margin-block-end: 14px; }
    .rv-col-category h3 { font-size: 25px; }
    .rv-col-hub { padding-block-start: 32px; }
    .rv-col-tabs { gap: 4px 18px; }
    .rv-col-tabs a { font-size: 13px; }
    .rv-col-empty { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr); padding: 26px; gap: 0; }
    .rv-col-empty-mark { font-size: 70px; block-size: 45px; }
    .rv-col-empty h3 { font-size: 25px; }
    .rv-col-section-heading > .rv-col-eyebrow { display: none; }
    .rv-col-preview-note { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr); padding: 16px; }
    .rv-col-preview-note a { grid-column: auto; }
    .rv-col-article-header { padding-block: 20px 28px; margin-block-end: 28px; }
    .rv-col-reader .rv-col-body { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.85; }
    .rv-col-body h2 { font-size: 25px; }
    .rv-col-body h3 { font-size: 21px; }
}
@media (pointer: coarse) {
    .rv-columns :is(.rv-col-tabs a,.rv-col-toc a,.rv-col-breadcrumb a,.rv-col-preview-strip a,.rv-col-text-link) { min-block-size: 44px; }
}
@media print {
    .rv-col-breadcrumb, .rv-col-rail, .rv-col-skip, .rv-col-article-footer { display: none; }
    .rv-columns { inline-size: 100%; color: #000; }
    .rv-col-reading-grid:has(.rv-col-rail:not([hidden])) { display: block; }
    .rv-col-reader .rv-col-body { max-inline-size: none; }
}